INV-G04 · Guard · Invariant

A hand that posts is a hand that is not attacking

Force the passer to post and their pass clock slows. Force the retainer to post and the pass arrives.

Adapted from the original page. Grappling.Games did not write this. Sources.

Play these

Games that train this

Armbar System — Full ExpressionGAME-ARM-05 · Advanced · 5:00 · Armbarfull-system · closed-guardOpen game →Armbar vs Triangle — The Guard DilemmaGAME-ARM-04 · Proficient · 5:00 · Armbarclosed-guard · dilemmaOpen game →Ball of YarnGG-GGM-13 · Developing · 3:00 · Passinghalf guard · Modern Defensive GuardOpen game →Between Two Worlds: Double-Lock the Center or a Limb vs Leg Lock or Take the BackGG-GRD-45 · Developing · 3:00 · Connectionbutterfly · closed-guard · body-lock · double-lock · limb-attack · leg-entanglements · back-takeOpen game →Break the BaseGG-GRD-01 · Developing · 3:00 · RetentionGuardOpen game →Butterfly Kimura TrapGAME-KIM-04 · Developing · 4:00 · Kimurabutterfly · figure-four · sweepOpen game →Catch the Knee CrossGG-ESC-02 · Advanced · 4:00 · RetentionEscapesOpen game →Causing PostsGG-GGM-01 · Foundations · 3:00 · Retentionguard · seated open guardOpen game →Causing PostsGG-GGM-14 · Developing · 3:00 · Passinghalf guard · knee shieldOpen game →Chest to Chest: Sweep or Go OutsideGG-GRD-32 · Foundations · 3:00 · Retentionclosed-guard · chest-to-chest · sweep · outside-elbow · half-guardOpen game →Chest-to-Chest Half Guard: Free the Knee vs Close or ReverseGG-PAS-16 · Developing · 3:00 · Passinghalf-guard · chest-to-chest · three-quarter-mount · closed-guard · reversalOpen game →Choi Bar: Back to the Floor vs Free the ArmGG-SUB-31 · Developing · 3:00 · Armbarchoi-bar · troy-bar · closed-guardOpen game →Clamp Half Guard: Free the Knee Line vs Get On Top or Knee ShieldGG-PAS-27 · Developing · 3:00 · Passinghalf guard · clamp half guard · knee line · knee shieldOpen game →Clamp Half Guard: Free the Leg and Pin vs Sweep or Open GuardGG-PAS-28 · Developing · 3:00 · Passinghalf guard · clamp half guard · sweepsOpen game →Climbing the BackGG-GGM-12 · Developing · 3:00 · Backclosed guard · supine guard · guardOpen game →Closed Guard Kimura PressureGAME-KIM-02 · Foundations · 3:00 · Kimuraclosed-guard · sweep · postureOpen game →Closed Guard OffenseGG-GRD-02 · Foundations · 5:00 · RetentionGuardOpen game →Closed Guard: Pass the Hips or Take the Back vs Sweep, Back, or Stand UpGG-GRD-40 · Developing · 3:00 · Passingclosed-guard · guard-passing · sweeps · back-takeOpen game →Confined-Area Guard RetentionGAME-CL-03 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentionguard · spatial · frames · hipsOpen game →Connect to the ShouldersGG-GGM-02 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentionguard · seated open guardOpen game →Connect, Trap, or Entangle vs Shin TouchGG-GRD-31 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentionclosed-guard · under-elbow · head-and-arm · entanglements · standing-passingOpen game →CreateGG-GGM-21 · Developing · 3:00 · PassingOpen game →Create and Break ConnectionsGG-GGM-08 · Foundations · 3:00 · Retentionclosed guard · supine guard · guardOpen game →Create and Break ConnectionsGG-GGM-09 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentionclosed guard · supine guardOpen game →Create and Break ConnectionsGG-GGM-20 · Foundations · 3:00 · Passingguard · open guardOpen game →De La Riva Destabilization: Hands or Hips to the Mat vs Shin Pin the HipGG-GRD-52 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentionde la riva · open guard · off-balancing · kuzushi · shin pin · giOpen game →De La Riva Sweep or Pass: Sweep or Take the Back vs PassGG-GRD-53 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentionde la riva · open guard · sweeps · back take · giOpen game →Deny the Knee WedgeGG-GRD-03 · Developing · 3:00 · RetentionGuardOpen game →Deny the Thigh PinGG-GRD-04 · Developing · 3:00 · RetentionGuardOpen game →Elbow Isolation GameGG-GRD-06 · Foundations · 3:00 · Retentionclosed-guard · arm-controlOpen game →Gi Open Guard: Stay on the Collar vs Strip It for 3 Seconds or PassGG-GRD-42 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentiongi · gi-only · open-guard · collar-grip · grip-fighting · guard-passing · artificial-winOpen game →Gi Open Guard: Stay on the Sleeve vs Free Your Sleeves for 3 Seconds or PassGG-GRD-43 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentiongi · gi-only · open-guard · sleeve-grip · lasso · spider · grip-fighting · guard-passing · artificial-winOpen game →Guard Armbar vs the Stack — Reading the DefenceGAME-ARM-02 · Developing · 4:00 · Armbarclosed-guard · stackOpen game →Guard Armbar — Achieve the Finish PositionGAME-ARM-01 · Foundations · 3:00 · Armbarclosed-guard · finish-position · postureOpen game →Guard RetentionGG-GRD-07 · Foundations · 5:00 · RetentionGuardOpen game →Guard Without ArmsGG-GRD-08 · Foundations · 5:00 · Retentionopen guard · no-handsOpen game →Half Guard BattleGG-GRD-09 · Foundations · 5:00 · PassingGuardOpen game →Half Guard: Sit Up, Get to Your Knees, or Lock Your Legs vs Lock Your Hands Around ThemGG-GRD-44 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentionhalf-guard · guard-recovery · two-feet-inside · two-feet-outside · body-lockOpen game →Head and Arm Hold vs Open and DisengageGG-GRD-36 · Foundations · 3:00 · Retentionguard · closed-guard · posture-breaking · head-control · arm-controlOpen game →Hip AccessGG-GGM-15 · Developing · 3:00 · Passinghalf guardOpen game →Hold the ShellGG-GRD-10 · Developing · 4:00 · RetentionGuardOpen game →Inside or Outside the Elbows vs Stand and OpenGG-GRD-33 · Foundations · 3:00 · Retentionclosed-guard · inside-control · outside-elbow · postureOpen game →Keep the Top KneeGG-GRD-12 · Developing · 5:00 · RetentionGuardOpen game →Kimura System Full ExpressionGAME-KIM-05 · Proficient · 5:00 · Kimurafull-system · figure-fourOpen game →Knee Cut: Complete the Pass vs Recover, Roll, or UnderhookGG-PAS-18 · Developing · 3:00 · Passingknee-cut · half-guard · knee-shield · underhookOpen game →Knee Shield: Chest Contact vs Both Feet InsideGG-PAS-23 · Developing · 3:00 · Passinghalf-guard · knee-shield · chest-to-chest · chest-to-back · inside-positionOpen game →Lasso Guard: Keep a Sleeve, Attach to the Shoulder Line or Get Between the Legs vs Break Both SleevesGG-GRD-47 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentiongi · gi-only · lasso · sleeve-grip · open-guard · shoulder-line · omoplata · grip-fightingOpen game →Lockdown Extraction Under the ClockGG-GRD-13 · Proficient · 3:00 · Passinghalf-guard · lockdown · crossface · flatten · timedOpen game →Low Knee Shield: Pass and Isolate vs Hips Over HipsGG-PAS-20 · Developing · 3:00 · Passinghalf-guard · knee-shield · z-guard · reversalOpen game →MaintainGG-GGM-22 · Developing · 3:00 · PassingOpen game →Maintain ConnectionGG-GGM-24 · Foundations · 3:00 · Passingguard · open guardOpen game →Maintaining The Knee ShieldGG-GGM-16 · Developing · 3:00 · Passinghalf guard · knee shieldOpen game →Mount EscapeGG-ESC-04 · Foundations · 5:00 · RetentionEscapesOpen game →Mount, Elbows Down: Capture a Foot vs Get Double UndersGG-ESC-07 · Foundations · 3:00 · Pinningmount · mount-escape · elbows-tight · foot-capture · half-guard-recovery · double-undersOpen game →No-Hands Top Half GuardGG-PAS-11 · Foundations · 3:00 · Passinghalf-guard · no-hands · hip-controlOpen game →North-South DenialGG-ESC-05 · Developing · 5:00 · RetentionEscapesOpen game →Open Guard SweepingGG-GGM-25 · Developing · 3:00 · Passingguard · open guardOpen game →Open Guard: Three Flanks, Then Lock Your Hands vs Feet Inside and Both HandsGG-PAS-26 · Developing · 3:00 · Passingopen-guard · flank · footwork · inside-position · hand-fighting · body-lock · guard-retentionOpen game →Open the FeetGG-GGM-10 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentionclosed guard · supine guard · guardOpen game →Outside the Elbows: Back Take or SweepGG-GRD-34 · Foundations · 3:00 · Retentionclosed-guard · outside-elbow · back-take · sweep · half-guardOpen game →Overhook Start: Arm In, Arm Out vs Stand UpGG-GRD-37 · Foundations · 3:00 · Retentionguard · closed-guard · overhook · arm-in-arm-out · posture-breakingOpen game →Passing the Ankle LineGAME-PASS-L3 · Developing · 2:00 · Passingankle-line · open-guard · pinOpen game →Passing the Knee LineGAME-PASS-L2 · Foundations · 2:00 · Passingknee-line · open-guard · pinOpen game →Passing vs Knee ShieldGG-PAS-04 · Developing · 5:00 · PassingOpen game →Punishing PostsGG-GGM-06 · Foundations · 3:00 · Retentionguard · seated open guardOpen game →Punishing PostsGG-GGM-17 · Developing · 3:00 · Passinghalf guard · knee shieldOpen game →Push to PullGG-GRD-16 · Developing · 5:00 · RetentionGuardOpen game →Rebuild the ShellGG-GRD-18 · Advanced · 4:00 · RetentionGuardOpen game →Rebuilding Behind a FrameGAME-RET-02 · Developing · 2:30 · Retentionguard-retention · frame · elbow-knee · entanglementOpen game →Recovering From FlatGAME-RET-03 · Proficient · 3:00 · Retentionguard-retention · flat · re-face · entanglementOpen game →Side EscapeGG-ESC-06 · Foundations · 5:00 · RetentionEscapesOpen game →Side Scissor: Triangle or Flatten and StandGG-SUB-30 · Developing · 3:00 · Triangleside-scissor · closed-guard · overhookOpen game →Single Underhook ControlGG-GGM-18 · Developing · 3:00 · Passinghalf guardOpen game →Single-Leg X to X-Guard: Build the X vs Clear the HooksGG-GRD-48 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentionx-guard · single-leg-x · open guard · guard offense · hooksOpen game →Smash Half Guard: Leg Pommel or Knee Slice with Upper Body Control vs Full Guard or SweepGG-PAS-29 · Developing · 3:00 · Passinghalf guard · smash half guard · knee slice · leg pommel · upper body controlOpen game →Split-Control Half GuardGG-PAS-12 · Developing · 3:00 · Passinghalf-guard · frames · chest-to-chestOpen game →Staggered AnklesGG-GRD-21 · Foundations · 2:00 · RetentionGuardOpen game →Stand UpGG-GGM-11 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentionclosed guard · supine guard · guardOpen game →Stay on Your Feet: Hamstring Pressure to Chest to Back vs Put Them on a HipGG-PAS-25 · Developing · 3:00 · Passingstanding-passing · open-guard · hamstring-pressure · back-take · chest-to-backOpen game →Structure and ConnectionsGG-GGM-07 · Foundations · 3:00 · Retentionguard · seated open guardOpen game →The Headhunter and the Posture MasterGG-GRD-24 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentionclosed-guard · guillotine-chase · postureOpen game →The Post RemovalGG-GRD-25 · Foundations · 3:00 · Retentionclosed-guard · sweep · post-removalOpen game →The Sweep and Posture BattleGG-GRD-26 · Foundations · 3:00 · Retentionclosed-guard · sweep · postureOpen game →Three Points of Contact: Shin Touch vs Float the PasserGG-GRD-38 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentionopen-guard · destabilizationOpen game →Three-Quarter Mount: Free the Ankle vs Close or ReverseGG-PAS-17 · Developing · 3:00 · Passingthree-quarter-mount · half-guard · mount · side-control · knee-on-belly · closed-guard · reversalOpen game →Toreando RecoveryGG-GRD-27 · Developing · 3:00 · RetentionGuardOpen game →Track with the HipsGG-GRD-28 · Foundations · 5:00 · RetentionGuardOpen game →Triangle and Armbar — Two-Way Combination GameGAME-TRI-04 · Proficient · 5:00 · Triangleclosed-guard · combinationOpen game →Triangle System — Full ExpressionGAME-TRI-05 · Proficient · 5:00 · Trianglefull-system · closed-guardOpen game →Triangle — Entry From Closed GuardGAME-TRI-01 · Foundations · 3:00 · Triangleclosed-guard · entry · postureOpen game →Triangle — Finish Game vs. Posture StackGAME-TRI-03 · Developing · 2:00 · Trianglefinish · stack · closed-guardOpen game →Triangle — Hip Angle and Arm Isolation GameGAME-TRI-02 · Developing · 4:00 · Triangleclosed-guard · hip-angle · arm-isolationOpen game →Turtle to GuardGG-TRN-09 · Foundations · 3:00 · RetentionTransitionsOpen game →Underhook ControlGG-GGM-19 · Developing · 3:00 · Passinghalf guardOpen game →UseGG-GGM-23 · Developing · 3:00 · PassingOpen game →Wrestling UpGG-GRD-29 · Developing · 3:00 · RetentionGuardOpen game →Wrist Pin to Connected HandsGG-PAS-13 · Developing · 3:00 · Passinghalf-guard · wrist-pin · frames · under-elbowOpen game →X-Guard Destabilization: Hands or Hips to the Mat vs Clear the HooksGG-GRD-49 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentionx-guard · open guard · off-balancing · kuzushiOpen game →X-Guard Reversal: Sweep or Take the Back vs Clear the HooksGG-GRD-50 · Developing · 3:00 · Retentionx-guard · open guard · sweeps · back takeOpen game →X-Guard Switch: Change Sides vs Clear the HooksGG-GRD-51 · Proficient · 3:00 · Retentionx-guard · open guard · guard offense · hooks · transitionsOpen game →

Principle

Principle

"Destabilising the top player to their hands removes their ability to pass and creates submission opportunities. Forcing a hand post is the transition from defensive guard to offensive guard."

A top player with both hands free is a passer with full options. They can grip, frame, post, and drive at will. A top player with one hand posted to the mat is a passer with half their passing capacity committed to base — that posted hand is no longer available for gripping, driving, or attacking. A top player with both hands posted to the mat cannot pass at all; they are entirely occupied with not falling over.

Forcing a hand post is the mechanism by which guard becomes offensive. Until the top player is forced to post, the guard is reactive — managing incoming pressure, maintaining the foot line, preserving elbow connections. The moment a hand post is forced — through a sweep attempt, a hip elevation, or an off-balance movement — the dynamic reverses. The top player is now reacting to the bottom player’s pressure rather than creating their own. This is the structural definition of offensive guard: the top player is defending their base rather than executing a pass.

The hand post creates submission opportunities because a posted hand is an isolated limb. A hand posted to the mat, especially to the near side, can be trapped and attacked with a kimura, an omoplata, or a wrist lock depending on the angle. More broadly, any posted hand represents a momentary freeze in the top player’s mobility — they cannot move that hand without risking the fall, and during that moment, the bottom player can reposition, attach, or extend into the submission.

Across the system, this principle expresses most cleanly in the following techniques:

Scissor sweep: The hip elevation and lateral scissor force the top player to post a hand to the near side. That post is the moment the bottom player commits the sweep — and if the post lands on a trapped wrist or stays out long enough, the same posted hand becomes the entry to the kimura that follows the sweep.

Hip-bump sweep: The hip drive forces a posted hand from the top player. Once the hand is posted, the bottom player either tips them past the post (sweep) or attacks the now-isolated arm with a kimura. The posted hand has resolved the bottom player’s choice — the top player no longer has the structure to defend both options.

Tripod sweep: Driving the top player rearward forces them to post a hand behind to avoid falling. From there, either they fall (the sweep finishes) or they hold the post long enough for the bottom player to come up into a single leg. Either outcome is offensive — the post itself is the win.

Pendulum sweep: The leg-swing and arm-trap combination forces a hand post from the top player as they try to base out laterally. The pendulum either tips them over the post or, if they recover, leaves their arm stretched and isolated for an armbar entry from the same setup.

Omoplata: The omoplata configuration depends on the top player posting their far hand to fight the angle change. Once the hand is on the mat, the shoulder is locked above it and rotation finishes the submission. A top player who refuses to post and simply rolls forward exits the position cleanly — the post is what permits the lock.